{"id":1187,"date":"2025-07-02T00:14:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T03:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gazetapernambucana.com\/?p=1187"},"modified":"2025-07-02T00:15:37","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T03:15:37","slug":"1187","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gazetapernambucana.com\/?p=1187","title":{"rendered":"Raz\u00f5es do crescente mal-estar em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 democracia brasileira"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f.i.uol.com.br\/fotografia\/2020\/08\/07\/15968385675f2dd2a79b0b6_1596838567_1x1_md.jpg\" alt=\"Charges sobre democracia - 07\/08\/2020 - Pol\u00edtica - Fotografia - Folha de S.Paulo\" width=\"312\" height=\"312\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Charge do Benett (Folha)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Marcus Andr\u00e9 Melo<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Folha<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cresce a percep\u00e7\u00e3o de que h\u00e1 algo errado em nossas institui\u00e7\u00f5es. Diria at\u00e9 que \u00e9 quase consensual na opini\u00e3o p\u00fablica que as rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre os tr\u00eas Poderes s\u00e3o disfuncionais. Isto se estende ao pr\u00f3prio funcionamento da democracia no pa\u00eds. N\u00e3o temos dados para 2025, mas, segundo pesquisa sobre a satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o com a democracia do Pew Research Center em setembro de 2024, o Brasil est\u00e1 ligeiramente abaixo da mediana global que \u00e9 45%.<\/p>\n<p>Apenas 44% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o declaram estar satisfeitos com o funcionamento da democracia no pa\u00eds, enquanto 54% manifestam algum grau de insatisfa\u00e7\u00e3o, dos quais 30% afirmam estar \u201cnada satisfeitos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TEND\u00caNCIA OPOSTA<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Paradoxalmente, vemos um aumento e n\u00e3o decl\u00ednio de 7 pontos percentuais em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a 2023. O Brasil opera na tend\u00eancia oposta das democracias de alta renda, nas quais se observa queda acentuada nos \u00faltimos anos (de 49% em 2021 para 36% em 2024) na satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o com a democracia.<\/p>\n<p>Por\u00e9m, o mais instigante para analisarmos o \u201cmalaise\u201d na conjuntura atual sobre a democracia \u00e9 como ela varia entre grupos de eleitores. Esta varia\u00e7\u00e3o nos d\u00e1 a chave para o consenso negativo atual sobre o funcionamento da democracia.<\/p>\n<p>A percep\u00e7\u00e3o sobre o funcionamento das institui\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 moldada por v\u00e1rios fatores j\u00e1 identificados em pesquisas sobre o assunto. Um fator decisivo \u00e9 que ela difere entre os ganhadores e perdedores das elei\u00e7\u00f5es (o \u201cwinner-loser gap\u201d, no jarg\u00e3o).<\/p>\n<p><strong>ESQUERDA E DIREITA<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 H\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m fortes clivagens ideol\u00f3gicas: entre eleitores de esquerda, 56% est\u00e3o satisfeitos; entre os de direita, apenas 35%. O fator mais determinante, por\u00e9m, \u00e9 o alinhamento com o governo: apoiadores da coaliz\u00e3o governista relatam n\u00edveis de satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o 25 pontos percentuais mais altos que os opositores.<\/p>\n<p>Esses dados revelam um padr\u00e3o comum em democracias polarizadas: a legitimidade das institui\u00e7\u00f5es passa a ser filtrada pelo v\u00ednculo partid\u00e1rio, e a percep\u00e7\u00e3o de responsividade pol\u00edtica se torna mais vol\u00e1til.<\/p>\n<p>A democracia \u00e9 vista com mais confian\u00e7a quando o \u201cmeu lado\u201d est\u00e1 no poder, e com mais desconfian\u00e7a quando est\u00e1 na oposi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><strong>INSATISFA\u00c7\u00c3O<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 O que parece estar ocorrendo no momento \u00e9 a queda da satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o com a democracia entre os ganhadores, ou seja, entre os apoiadores da coaliz\u00e3o governista. Em \u201cStrange Bedfellows\u201d (<em>Estranhos parceiros)<\/em>, os autores utilizam microdados de pesquisas com 18 mil eleitores de 46 pa\u00edses para testar a clivagem vencedor-perdedor em governos de coaliz\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Concluem que os parceiros da coaliz\u00e3o importam para a satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o com a democracia. Nos casos em que h\u00e1 o que os autores chamam de \u201cambival\u00eancia de coaliz\u00e3o\u201d \u2014ou seja, se os parceiros de coaliz\u00e3o s\u00e3o rejeitados\u2014, a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do governo e do funcionamento da democracia piora.<\/p>\n<p>O infort\u00fanio faz estranhos companheiros de cama (Shakespeare, \u201cA Tempestade\u201d). Quando o Executivo se enfraquece, eles lhes d\u00e3o as costas. Assim, entre os eleitores, os vencedores se veem como perdedores. Governar com m\u00e1s companhias cobra um pre\u00e7o entre vitoriosos. Mas mitiga a insatisfa\u00e7\u00e3o entre os perdedores.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Charge do Benett (Folha) Marcus Andr\u00e9 Melo Folha Cresce a percep\u00e7\u00e3o de que h\u00e1 algo errado em nossas institui\u00e7\u00f5es. Diria at\u00e9 que \u00e9 quase consensual na opini\u00e3o p\u00fablica que as rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre os tr\u00eas Poderes s\u00e3o disfuncionais. Isto se estende ao pr\u00f3prio funcionamento da democracia no pa\u00eds. N\u00e3o temos dados para 2025, mas, segundo pesquisa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[37,76,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-https-gazetapernambucana-com-page_id212","category-opiniao","category-politica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Raz\u00f5es do crescente mal-estar em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 democracia brasileira -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gazetapernambucana.com\/?p=1187\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Raz\u00f5es do crescente mal-estar em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 democracia brasileira -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Charge do Benett (Folha) Marcus Andr\u00e9 Melo Folha Cresce a percep\u00e7\u00e3o de que h\u00e1 algo errado em nossas institui\u00e7\u00f5es. 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